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Canine Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. I: A Study of 75 Cases

Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon, 69260 Marcy L'Etoile

L. Chabanne

Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon, 69260 Marcy L'Etoile

C. Caux

Laboratoire d'Immunologie, UFR de Médecine A. Carrel, Rue G. Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 8

J.-R. Faure

Laboratoire d'Immunologie, UFR de Médecine A. Carrel, Rue G. Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 8

D. Rigal

CRTS de Lyon-Gerland, 69007 Lyon Cedex, France

J.P. Magnol

Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon, 69260 Marcy L'Etoile

J.C. Monier

Laboratoire d'Immunologie, UFR de Médecine A. Carrel, Rue G. Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 8

We studied 75 cases of canine systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presenting with at least four criteria of the American Rheumatism Association (ARA), including antinuclear antibodies (ANAb). This disease mainly affects male German shepherds of an average age of 5 years. The most common clinical signs are polyarthritis (91 % of cases), and renal (65 %) and cutaneo mucous disorders (60%). Hemolytic anemia is rare (13%). ANAb are present, often at high levels (> 256 up to 106 by indirect immunofluorescence on mouse blood smears). The titers are correlated with the severity and the stage of the disease. As double-stranded DNA Ab are rare and as antihistone Ab are frequent, the former could be replaced by the latter in the ARA criteria applied to the SLE dog. Another category of ANAb, named anti-type 1, also seems useful in diagnosing canine SLE. As for therapy, long-term remissions (up to 9 years without treatment) were obtained in 55.6% of 27 SLE dogs treated by levamisole. At first, levamisole was associated with induction corticotherapy, then administered alone and finally discon tinued. Side effects were uncommon and transient.

Key Words: Systemic lupus erythematosus • Dog • Antinuclear antibodies

Lupus, Vol. 1, No. 3, 133-139 (1992)
DOI: 10.1177/096120339200100303


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