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Antiphospholipid antibodies and stroke in Down syndrome

Department of Immunopathology, The Canberra Hospital and the Canberra Clinical School, University of Sydney, Garran, ACT, Australia, paul.gatenby{at}act.gov.au

R Tuck

Department of Neurology, The Canberra Hospital and the Canberra Clinical School, University of Sydney, Garran, ACT, Australia

C Andrews

Department of Neurology, The Canberra Hospital and the Canberra Clinical School, University of Sydney, Garran, ACT, Australia

R O’Neil

Department of Medical Imaging, The Canberra Hospital and the Canberra Clinical School, University of Sydney, Garran, ACT, Australia

Two patients with Down syndrome and the primary antiphospholipid antibody are described. One patient had a vasculopathy similar to that previously described as Moyamoya. Down syndrome is characterized by immune defects including a tendency to autoimmune phenomena. This report extends the scope of these observations and particularly draws out the potential role of antiphospholipid antibodies. Indeed antiphospholipid antibodies may well explain the well-known association of Down syndrome and stroke.

Key Words: Down syndrome • stroke • antiphospholipid syndrome • Moyamoya

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