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Systemic lupus erythematosus in three ethnic groups: XV prevalence and correlates of fibromyalgiaUniversity of Texas-Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL LUMINA Study Group
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and correlates of fibromyalgia (FM) in a prospective, multiethnic systemic lupus (SLE) cohort. A total of 266 SLE patients with disease duration of
Key Words: lupus • fibromyalgia • ethnicity • SF-36 • epidemiology
Lupus, Vol. 12, No. 4,
274-279 (2003) This article has been cited by other articles:
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5 years at study entry were evaluated longitudinallyfor the presence of FM (per ACR criteria). Sociodemographicfactors, behavioral=psychologicalvariables, clinical features, serologic factors (autoantibodies), and self-reportedfunctioning(MOS SF-36) were ascertainedin all patients. Subjects were evaluated at study entry and annually thereafter. The prevalence of FM was then calculated, as was the prevalence of FM-like manifestations (widespread pain with at least 6, but fewer than 11=18 tender points). Variables were evaluated for association with FM or FM-like manifestationsby univariate and stepwise logistic regressionanalyses.FM was present in 14 patients (5%; 9=92 Caucasians (C), 4=109 African Americans (AA), 1=65 Hispanics (H)) and FM=FM-like manifestationsin 35 (13%; 16 C, 9 AA, 10 H). There was no difference noted between those with and without FM with respect to gender, education level, income below poverty level, disease activity or damage. By stepwise logistic regression analyses, the strongest association with both FM and FM=FM-like manifestationswas a self-reported history of anxiety or affective disorder (P = 0.0237, OR = 4.6 and P = 0.0068, OR = 3.4, respectively). Caucasian ethnicity was strongly associated with FM (P = 0.0066, OR = 7.5) and African American ethnicity was negatively associated with FM=FM-like (P = 0.0204, OR = 0.3). Poorer self-reported physical functioning was associated with FM=FM-like (P = 0.0443, OR = 0.96). FM and FM-like manifestations correlate best with the presence of Caucasian ethnicity, concomitant anxiety or affective disorder, and to a lesser extent with poorer self-reported physical functioning. African American ethnicity is negatively associated with the combination of FM and FM-like manifestations. Clinical measures of disease activity, disease damage, specific organ dysfunction, sociodemographicfactors and serologic features are not correlated with FM in this early SLE cohort. 
