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Non-stroke neurological syndromes associated with antiphospholipid antibodies: evaluation of clinical and experimental studies

Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel, jchapman{at}post.tau.ac.il

J H Rand

Thrombosis and Hemostasis Section, Hematology Division, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA

R L Brey

Division of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas, USA

S R Levine

Department of Neurology, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA

I Blatt

Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel

M A Khamashta

Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel

Y Shoenfeld

Lupus Unit, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas Hospital, London, UK

Although many types of neurological disorders and events have been described in association with antiphospholipidantibodies(aPL) and the antiphospholipidsyndrome (APS), only ischaemic stroke is reasonably well established and accepted as a diagnostic criterion for the syndrome. We propose to evaluate, classify and rank the association of other neurological manifestations as possible, probable, or definite according to the data available from clinical studies and animal models. By these criteria, none of the neurologicaldisordersor events such as epilepsy, psychiatricdisease, dementia, transverse myelitis, multiple sclerosis-like disease, chorea, migraine, Guillian-Barrèsyndrome, and sensory-neural hearing loss, can be definitely associated with aPL or APS.

Key Words: antiphospholipid antibodies • cerebrovascular disease • chorea • dementia • epilepsy • migraine • multiple sclerosis

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