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Neuropsychological development of children born to patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Pediatric Neuropsychiatry Institute, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy

L Chimini

Pediatric Neuropsychiatry Institute, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy

F Bonomi

Pediatric Neuropsychiatry Institute, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy

E Filippini

Pediatric Neuropsychiatry Institute, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy

M Motta

Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Brescia Hospital, Brescia, Italy

D Faden

Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Brescia University and Hospital, Brescia, Italy

A Lojacono

Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Brescia University and Hospital, Brescia, Italy

C Biasini Rebaioli

Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Brescia University and Hospital, Brescia, Italy

M Frassi

Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Brescia University and Hospital, Brescia, Italy

E Danieli

Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Brescia University and Hospital, Brescia, Italy

A Tincani

Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Brescia University and Hospital, Brescia, Italy, tincani{at}bresciareumatologia.it

To verify the neuropsychological development in the offspring of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 47 children (23 male and 24 female) from affected women were studied. The tests applied were related to the children’s ages: Griffiths scale up to four years, WPPSI and metaphonological tests (MP, evaluating the phonological consciousness) from four to six years of age, WISC-R test and Rey test (evaluating the visual-space abilities) from six years onwards; finally, specific tests for the diagnosis of learning disabilities (LD) between the ages of seven and 13. Intelligence levels were always normal (mean IQ score 106.32; median 104; SD 9.05). Three out of eight examined children failed MP, therefore may develop LD and will need further evaluation later. Fourteen children were specifically studied for LD and three reported scores lower than normal, but only two (who were brothers) were defined dyslexic. Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) were positive in the mothers of the three children with impaired LD tests. Other maternal autoantibodies or drugs administered during pregnancy did not seem to be related to LD. In conclusion, maternal SLE does not impair intelligence levels, but may increase the occurrence of LD particularly in male children (2/8 males examined, 25%). Both maternal aPL and genetic background may have pathogenetic implications.

Key Words: antiphospholipid antibodies • autoantibodies • learning disabilities • pregnancy • systemic lupus erythematosus

Lupus, Vol. 13, No. 10, 805-811 (2004)
DOI: 10.1191/0961203304lu2018oa


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