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Lupus
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Endocrinologic Manifestations of the Antiphospholipid Syndrome

I Uthman

Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, iuthman{at}aub.edu.lb

I Salti

Division of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon

M Khamashta

Lupus Research Unit, The Rayne Institute, Guy’s, King’s and St. Thomas’ School of Medicine, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK

Our objective was to study the endocrinologic manifestations of the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). We reviewed the medical literature from 1968 until 2005 using MEDLINE and the key words: APS, anticardiolipin antibodies, lupus anticoagulant, antiphospholipid antibodies, adrenal, thyroid, parathyroid, pituitary, diabetes, ovaries and testes. Adrenal insufficiency is the most common endocrinologic manifestation and can be the presenting symptom of APS. In patients with autoimmune thyroid disease circulating aPL have been detected. However, no clinical manifestations of APS have been described. A few cases of hypopituitarism have been reported, including a case of Sheehan’s syndrome. aPL has been detected in the sera of diabetic patients, probably associated with some macroangiopathic complications. Finally only very few cases of ovarian and testicular involvement have been reported. The adrenals are the most commonly involved glands in the APS. Clinicians should keep a high index of suspicion for adrenal insufficiency in patients with APS.

Key Words: adrenal • antiphospholipid syndrome • parathyroid • pituitary • thyroid

Lupus, Vol. 15, No. 8, 485-489 (2006)
DOI: 10.1191/0961203306lu2318rr
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